|
A community development financial institution (US) or community development finance institution (UK) - abbreviated in both cases to CDFI - is a financial institution that provides credit and financial services to underserved markets and populations, primarily in the USA but also in the UK. A CDFI may be a community development bank, a community development credit union (CDCU), a community development loan fund (CDLF), a community development venture capital fund (CDVC), a microenterprise development loan fund, or a community development corporation.〔(Comparing Different Types of CDFIs. ) ''CDFI Coalition.''〕 CDFIs are certified by the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund (CDFI Fund) at the U.S. Department of the Treasury, which provides funds to CDFIs through a variety of programs. The CDFI Fund and the legal concept of CDFIs were established by the ''Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994.'' Broadly speaking, a CDFI is defined as a financial institution that: has a primary mission of community development, serves a target market, is a financing entity, provides development services, remains accountable to its community, and is a non-governmental entity. The Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA) authorized CDFIs certified by the CDFI Fund to become members of the Federal Home Loan Banks. The Final Rule regarding the procedures and standards to be used by the Federal Home Loan Banks to evaluate applications for membership from CDFIs were published in the Federal Register Federal Housing Finance Agency in January 2010.() The Final Rule is to be implemented by the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks, each of which will evaluate membership applications independently.() CDFIs are related to, but not identical with, Community Development Entities (CDEs). CDEs are also certified by the CDFI Fund at the U.S. Department of Treasury, but have somewhat different qualifications. Many CDFIs have also been certified as CDEs. The primary purpose of CDEs is to utilize the New Markets Tax Credit Program (NMTCs). NMTCs were created to induce equity investments in low-income communities. CDFIs may be subject to oversight by federal financial institution regulators (e.g., banks, credit unions) or may be "unregulated" at the federal level, and subject only to the laws of the states in which they operate. There is no mandatory rating or ranking system imposed on all CDFIs which would allow investors or others to evaluate their performance, safety or strength. (Aeris ) is an independent not-for-profit organization that provides third-party ratings assessments of CDFIs using the CDFI Assessment and Ratings System—or CARSTM--methodology originally developed by Opportunity Finance Network. == Scope == In 2006, there were approximately 1,250 CDFIs, consisting of:〔(Industry Statistics ), Opportunity Finance〕 * More than 500 community development loan funds; * More than 350 community development banks; * More than 290 community development credit unions; * More than 80 community development venture capital funds. In May 2010, the CDFI Fund had certified 862 CDFIs,〔(CDFI List by Name )〕 57 Native CDFIs (serving Native Americans),〔(Certified Native CDFIs by Name )〕 and 4,230 CDEs,〔(Certified CDEs by Name )〕 each of which may have multiple subsidiary investment funds. Nationwide, over 1,000 CDFIs serve economically distressed communities by providing credit, capital and financial services that are often unavailable from mainstream financial institutions. CDFIs have loaned and invested over billions in our nation’s most distressed communities. Even better, their loans and investments have leveraged billions more dollars from the private sector for development activities in low wealth communities across the nation. While there are numerous organizations certified as CDFIs by the CDFI Fund, it is believed that there are thousands of financial institutions serving the needs of low-income people or communities in the United States, but either have not applied for CDFI status or have otherwise not been able to fulfill all of the requirements for formal CDFI certification. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Community development financial institution」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|